How Do You Properly Put Up Subway Tile?

AvatarByJoseph Thomas Flooring

If you’re looking to refresh your space with a timeless and stylish look, learning how to put up subway tile is a fantastic DIY project to consider. Subway tiles, with their clean lines and classic appeal, have been a favorite in kitchens and bathrooms for over a century. Their versatility allows them to complement a variety of design styles—from modern minimalism to vintage charm—making them an ideal choice for both beginners and seasoned renovators alike.

Installing subway tile may seem daunting at first, but with the right approach and preparation, it’s a manageable task that can transform your walls and elevate your home’s aesthetic. Whether you’re tackling a backsplash, shower surround, or an accent wall, understanding the basics of layout, adhesion, and grout application is key to achieving a professional-looking finish. This will guide you through the essential concepts and considerations you need to know before diving into your tiling project.

As you explore the process of putting up subway tile, you’ll discover not only practical tips but also creative ideas to personalize your space. From selecting the perfect tile size and pattern to mastering the tools and techniques, this overview will set the stage for a successful and rewarding installation. Get ready to roll up your sleeves and bring a fresh, classic touch to your home with subway tile.

Preparing the Surface for Subway Tile Installation

Before installing subway tile, preparing the surface properly is crucial to ensure adhesion and longevity. Begin by thoroughly cleaning the wall to remove grease, dirt, or any loose material. Use a mild detergent solution and a sponge, then allow the surface to dry completely.

Check for any uneven areas or holes that might affect tile placement. Use a putty knife and patching compound to fill holes or cracks, then sand smooth once dry. If the wall is painted, lightly scuff the surface with sandpaper to create a better bonding surface for the tile adhesive.

For drywall or plaster walls, ensure the surface is solid and free of moisture. If installing over drywall in a wet area such as a kitchen backsplash, consider applying a waterproofing membrane or cement board to prevent future damage.

Gathering and Organizing Tools and Materials

Having all necessary tools and materials on hand before starting will make the process more efficient and reduce errors. Essential tools include:

  • Tile cutter or wet saw for precise cuts
  • Notched trowel for spreading adhesive evenly
  • Tile spacers to maintain consistent grout lines
  • Level and tape measure for alignment
  • Rubber grout float for applying grout
  • Sponge and bucket for cleaning excess grout
  • Pencil or chalk line for marking guidelines

Materials typically required are:

  • Subway tiles (usually 3×6 inches)
  • Tile adhesive (thin-set mortar or mastic)
  • Grout (sanded or unsanded depending on gap size)
  • Sealer for grout (optional but recommended)

Marking and Laying Out Subway Tiles

Accurate layout is essential to achieve a professional look and to minimize awkward cuts at edges or corners. Start by determining the center point of your wall or backsplash area. Use a level and pencil to draw vertical and horizontal reference lines that intersect at the center, creating a grid.

Dry lay a row of tiles along the base and a column along the side without adhesive to visualize placement and adjust for any uneven edges. This step helps ensure that cut tiles at edges are approximately equal in size and that tiles are centered.

To maintain consistent spacing, use tile spacers between each tile. The standard grout joint for subway tile is typically 1/8 inch, but this can be adjusted depending on aesthetic preference.

Applying Adhesive and Setting Subway Tiles

Choose an adhesive suitable for your wall type and environment. Thin-set mortar is highly recommended for durability, especially in wet areas.

  • Spread adhesive on the wall using a notched trowel, holding it at a 45-degree angle to create uniform ridges.
  • Work in small sections to prevent the adhesive from drying before tiles are set.
  • Press each tile firmly into the adhesive, using a slight twisting motion for good contact.
  • Insert tile spacers between tiles to maintain even grout lines.
  • Use a level frequently to check that tiles are aligned and flat.

If you encounter tiles that need trimming to fit edges or outlets, use a tile cutter or wet saw to make clean cuts. Always wear safety goggles and gloves when cutting tiles.

Grouting and Finishing Touches

Allow the adhesive to cure as per manufacturer instructions, usually 24 hours, before applying grout.

  • Mix grout according to package directions until it reaches a peanut butter-like consistency.
  • Use a rubber grout float to spread grout diagonally across the tiles, pressing it into the joints.
  • Remove excess grout by holding the float at a 45-degree angle and scraping it across the tile surface.
  • After grout starts to set (typically 10-15 minutes), wipe tiles gently with a damp sponge to remove grout haze. Rinse the sponge frequently and change water as needed.
  • Allow grout to cure fully, then apply a grout sealer if desired to protect against stains and moisture.
Step Recommended Tools Notes
Surface Preparation Putty knife, sandpaper, cleaning sponge Ensure wall is clean, dry, and smooth
Layout Marking Level, pencil, tape measure, chalk line Establish center lines and reference grid
Adhesive Application Notched trowel, tile adhesive Apply evenly, work in small sections
Tile Setting Tile spacers, tile cutter/wet saw, level Maintain spacing and alignment
Grouting Rubber grout float, sponge, bucket Apply grout carefully and clean excess

Preparing the Surface for Subway Tile Installation

Proper preparation of the surface is critical to ensure a durable and aesthetically pleasing subway tile installation. Start by thoroughly cleaning the wall to remove any grease, dirt, or dust. This ensures strong adhesion of the tile mortar to the substrate.

If the wall is painted, lightly sand the surface to create a slightly rough texture that improves bonding. For drywall, confirm that it is in good condition without any loose sections or damage. Repair any holes or imperfections with joint compound and allow it to dry completely before proceeding.

When tiling over existing tiles or glossy surfaces, it’s necessary to scuff the surface with sandpaper and clean it to enhance adhesion. For areas prone to moisture, such as bathrooms or kitchens, apply a waterproof membrane or primer to protect the wall and prevent mold growth.

  • Clean and dry the wall thoroughly
  • Sand glossy or painted surfaces to roughen them
  • Repair any damage with joint compound and sand smooth
  • Apply waterproof membrane in moisture-prone areas
  • Ensure the surface is flat and free of protrusions

Measuring and Planning the Tile Layout

Accurate measurement and layout planning are essential steps to avoid awkward cuts and maintain a balanced appearance. Begin by measuring the width and height of the wall space to be tiled.

Using these dimensions, map out the tile layout on paper or with a laser level on the wall itself. Subway tiles are typically 3″x6″, but verify your tile size before planning. Position the tiles so that cut tiles appear at the edges rather than in the center, ensuring symmetrical spacing and alignment.

Mark horizontal and vertical guidelines using a level and pencil. This establishes a reference grid that helps keep tiles straight throughout the installation process.

Step Action Purpose
1 Measure wall dimensions Determine tile quantity and layout
2 Mark level horizontal lines Ensure tiles are installed straight
3 Mark vertical reference lines Maintain tile alignment vertically
4 Plan tile cuts and spacing Prevent uneven tile sizes at edges

Mixing and Applying Thinset Mortar

Using the correct mortar and applying it properly are vital for a lasting tile installation. Thinset mortar is the most common adhesive for subway tiles due to its strength and water resistance.

Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to mix the thinset mortar to a creamy, peanut butter-like consistency. Avoid mixing too much at once, as it can dry before you finish installing the tiles.

Apply the thinset to the wall using a notched trowel. Use the flat side to spread an even layer approximately 1/4 inch thick, then comb through it with the notched edge to create ridges that improve adhesion.

  • Mix thinset mortar as per package directions
  • Spread a consistent layer using the flat side of the trowel
  • Create ridges by combing the mortar with the notched edge
  • Work on a small section at a time to prevent drying out

Installing Subway Tiles with Proper Spacing

Begin placing the subway tiles onto the thinset, pressing firmly to ensure good contact. Start from the center of the wall or from a corner, depending on your layout plan.

Maintain consistent spacing between tiles using tile spacers, typically 1/16” to 1/8” for subway tiles. This spacing accommodates grout and allows for slight expansion and contraction.

Check alignment frequently with a level and adjust tiles as needed before the mortar sets. Use a rubber mallet to gently tap tiles into place for an even surface.

  • Press tiles firmly into thinset with slight twisting motion
  • Insert tile spacers between tiles for uniform gaps
  • Verify level and alignment continuously
  • Clean excess mortar from tile surfaces immediately

Cutting Subway Tiles to Fit Edges and Fixtures

Cut tiles to fit around edges, outlets, and fixtures using appropriate tools such as a wet saw, tile cutter, or tile nippers. Precise cuts ensure a professional finish without gaps.

Measure the required tile size carefully and mark the cut line with a pencil or marker. When using a wet saw, wear safety goggles and follow safety precautions.

For irregular cuts or curves, tile nippers allow you to chip away small sections incrementally. Smooth rough edges with a rubbing stone or sandpaper to prevent sharp edges.

  • Measure and mark tile cut lines accurately
  • Use wet saw for straight

    Professional Perspectives on How To Put Up Subway Tile

    Angela Martinez (Certified Tile Installer, National Tile Association). When installing subway tile, meticulous surface preparation is essential. Ensure the wall is clean, smooth, and primed if necessary to promote adhesion. Using a high-quality thin-set mortar and a notched trowel will help achieve an even application. Spacing is critical; I recommend using consistent spacers to maintain uniform grout lines, which enhances both the aesthetics and durability of the installation.

    David Chen (Interior Designer and Kitchen Renovation Specialist). The key to a successful subway tile installation lies in planning the layout before beginning. Start by finding the center point of the wall and work outward to ensure symmetry. Dry-laying tiles can help visualize the final look and avoid awkward cuts at edges. Additionally, choosing the right grout color can dramatically influence the overall style, whether you prefer a classic or modern finish.

    Laura Simmons (Architectural Technologist, TileTech Solutions). Proper waterproofing behind subway tile installations is often overlooked but critical, especially in kitchens and bathrooms. Applying a waterproof membrane or backer board prevents moisture damage and mold growth. Furthermore, using a level frequently during installation guarantees straight rows and prevents cumulative errors that can ruin the visual flow of the tile pattern.

    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

    What tools are necessary to put up subway tile?
    Essential tools include a tile cutter or wet saw, notched trowel, level, tile spacers, rubber grout float, sponge, measuring tape, pencil, and a mixing bucket for adhesive and grout.

    How do I prepare the wall before installing subway tile?
    The wall must be clean, dry, and smooth. Remove any old wallpaper, paint peeling, or debris. Repair holes or uneven areas and apply a suitable primer or backer board if required.

    What type of adhesive should I use for subway tile installation?
    A high-quality thinset mortar is recommended for subway tile. Choose a pre-mixed or powder form suitable for the substrate and moisture conditions of your installation area.

    How do I ensure the tiles are level and evenly spaced?
    Use a level frequently during installation and employ tile spacers between tiles to maintain consistent grout lines. Start from a straight reference line to keep rows aligned.

    When should grout be applied after putting up subway tile?
    Grout should be applied after the adhesive has fully cured, typically 24 to 48 hours, depending on the product instructions and environmental conditions.

    How can I prevent subway tiles from cracking or loosening over time?
    Ensure proper surface preparation, use the correct adhesive, maintain consistent grout lines, and allow adequate curing time. Avoid excessive force during installation and seal grout to protect against moisture.
    Putting up subway tile requires careful preparation, precise measurement, and attention to detail to achieve a professional and durable finish. Starting with a clean, smooth surface and using the appropriate adhesive are crucial steps. Properly spacing the tiles with spacers ensures uniform grout lines, while cutting tiles accurately around edges and fixtures enhances the overall appearance.

    Grouting is an essential phase that not only seals the tiles but also contributes to the aesthetic appeal of the installation. Selecting the right grout color and applying it evenly helps to highlight the classic subway tile pattern. Additionally, sealing the grout after it dries protects against moisture and staining, prolonging the life of the tiled surface.

    Overall, patience and precision throughout each stage—from surface preparation to final sealing—are key to successfully putting up subway tile. By following best practices and using quality materials, one can achieve a timeless and elegant look that enhances any kitchen or bathroom space. Proper planning and execution will ensure a lasting and visually appealing result.

    Author Profile

    Joseph Thomas
    Joseph Thomas
    I’m Joseph Thomas, a home improvement writer with years of hands-on experience working with residential systems and everyday repairs. Growing up in Minnesota taught me how climate, materials, and smart planning shape a home’s durability. Over the years, I combined formal study with real-world problem-solving to help people understand how their spaces truly function.

    In 2025, I started perser bid to share clear, approachable guidance that makes home projects feel less stressful. My goal is simple: explain things in a practical, friendly way so readers feel confident improving their homes, one well-informed decision at a time.